What Happens to Bones During Cremation

Loss is an inevitable part of life and it requires certain preparations such as planning the memorial service, choosing the burial, or deciding on cremation. But have you ever found yourself wondering, "What happens to bones during cremation?" This article delves into this often-untouched topic, providing a detailed breakdown of the cremation process and the transformation of bones during this process.

Understanding Cremation

Cremation, defined in simple terms, is a process that transforms the body of the deceased into ashes using heat. This process is often chosen for various reasons like personal beliefs, financial considerations, or environmental concerns.

The Pre-Cremation Process

Before cremation, any medical devices such as pacemakers are removed to prevent possible explosions. The body is then placed in a combustible, often wood, container ready for the cremation chamber.

The Cremation Process

The cremation chamber reaches temperatures of up to 1800°F (980°C). Within 2 to 3 hours, all organic matter is vaporised leaving calcified bones behind.

Transforming Bones into Ashes

After cremation, the bones are usually whitened and dry. They are then processed in a machine called a cremulator, which grinds the bones into fine particles, also referred to as ashes or cremated remains.

What Are "Ashes" Really?

Contrary to common belief, the term "ashes" is actually a misnomer as the remains aren’t really ash, but rather a powdery substance resembling ash. It usually ranges in colour from white to grey and is often cool to the touch.

What Happens to Bones During Cremation Example:

To further understand this process, let's take a hypothetical situation. Suppose Mrs Smith has just lost her husband and has chosen cremation. First, her husband’s body would go through the pre-cremation preparations. His body would then be placed in the cremation chamber. After 2-3 hours, the organic matter would have been vaporised, leaving only the calcified bones. These would be processed into fine particles resembling ashes, ready to be collected by Mrs Smith and her family.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is cremation?

Cremation is a process wherein the body of the deceased is exposed to high temperatures, typically between 1400 to 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, in a purpose-built chamber. This intense heat rapidly reduces the body to its basic chemical compounds, resulting in the remnants known as 'cremains' or 'ashes'.

What happens to bones during cremation?

During cremation, bones are subjected to high temperatures, which causes them to become dry and brittle. Eventually, they will break down into bone fragments. These fragments may not be entirely pulverized in the process and are usually processed afterwards to create a consistent powder-like ash.

Are bones the last to cremate in the process?

Yes, bones are denser and more calcified than other tissues, so they are among the last parts of the body to be fully affected by the cremation process.

What is left after a body is cremated?

After cremation, what is left is a mix of small bone fragments and ash. These remains are then processed to create a more uniform powder, which is returned to the family in an urn or another container of their choice.

Do all bones turn to ash during cremation?

Not all bones turn to ash. The intense heat breaks down the bones to their basic elements, many of which are mineral in nature, and these ultimately result in the bone fragments found amongst the ashes.

Is the skull treated differently in the cremation process?

The skull, like all other bony structures in the body, undergoes the same high-heat cremation process. Due to its density, the skull may take longer to break down, but the end result is the same as for other bones.

How do crematories ensure that the remains are fully processed?

Crematories use a machine called a cremulator that processes the bone fragments to ensure they are reduced to a consistent, fine ash. This step occurs after the initial cremation in the cremation chamber.

How are ashes collected after cremation?

After the process is complete and the cremation chamber has cooled, the remains are carefully collected and swept from the chamber. Magnets are used to remove any metal remnants, and the remaining bone fragments and ashes are processed using a cremulator.

What is a cremulator?

A cremulator is a machine used to grind down bone fragments that remain after cremation into a fine powder, resulting in the ashes that are returned to the family.

Are cremated remains sterile?

Yes, the high temperatures used in the cremation process destroy any bacteria and pathogens, resulting in sterile remains.

How long does the cremation process take?

The cremation process can take anywhere from 1 to 3 hours, depending on factors such as the size of the body and the type of cremation chamber used. Additional time is required for the remains to cool and to process the bones and ashes.

Can families witness the cremation?

Many crematories offer the option for families to witness the cremation. This is typically arranged through the funeral service provider and may take place in a designated viewing area.

What happens to metal implants during cremation?

Metal implants, such as hip replacements or dental fillings, do not burn away during cremation. They are removed from the remains using magnets or manual screening before the ashes are processed.

Is the process of cremation different for pets?

While the fundamental process of cremation is the same for pets as it is for humans, the equipment used may be smaller and the times for cremation can vary widely depending on the size of the pet.

Are cremation ashes safe to handle?

Cremation ashes are safe to handle. As they are sterile and do not pose a health risk, many people choose to keep the ashes in urns, scatter them, or incorporate them into memorial items.

How much ash is produced from cremation?

The amount of ash produced from cremation varies with the size of the individual but typically weighs between 3 to 9 pounds. The bone density and the cremation process itself also influence the total volume of the ashes.

Can ashes be used to create memorials?

Yes, ashes can be used to create various types of memorials, such as diamond jewellery, glass artwork, or even incorporated into coral reef structures. These memorials provide a meaningful way to remember and honor the deceased.

Are there any environmental concerns associated with cremation?

Cremation does have an environmental impact, mainly related to energy consumption and the release of greenhouse gases and mercury from dental fillings. However, many consider it to be a more eco-friendly option compared to traditional burials.

What regulations govern the cremation process?

Cremation is highly regulated to ensure ethical practices. Regulations include obtaining proper authorization, maintaining a chain of custody over the remains, and adhering to environmental standards. The exact regulations vary by region and governing bodies.

Can cremated remains be divided amongst family members?

Yes, it is possible to divide cremated remains among family members, and this is often done when relatives wish to retain a portion of the ashes or for creating individual memorials.

How should cremated remains be stored?

Cremated remains should be stored in a durable, sealed container or urn. If they are being kept at home, a sturdy, respectful container is appropriate. For burial or placement in a columbarium, more specific containers may be required according to the rules of the cemetery or facility.

Losing a loved one is indeed a solemn and heart-wrenching moment. Being informed about the options for the final rites, including cremation, can alleviate some uncertainties during this difficult time. If you have found this article informative, please share it with others — you may just be demystifying cremation for someone else. Also, be sure to delve into our other Eulogy Assistant guides for more helpful articles to navigate through these challenging times.