Who Defended John Milton And Wrote A Eulogy For The Second Edition Of Paradise Lost?

Discover the individual who passionately defended John Milton and his work, 'Paradise Lost', subsequently writing a powerful eulogy for its second edition. Dive into the captivating history, detailed analysis, and be inspired by an example from this remarkable eulogy.

The Connection Between John Milton and Andrew Marvell

John Milton, the renowned English poet, is best known for his epic poem 'Paradise Lost'. However, it was not without controversy due to its religious and political inclinations. In the midst of these controversies, Milton found a staunch supporter and loyal friend in another eminent poet, Andrew Marvell.

Marvell's defence of Milton and his subsequent contribution to 'Paradise Lost' tells a story of loyalty, camaraderie, and a shared belief in the power of art and literature. Let's delve into their unique relationship, Marvell's defence, and his remarkable eulogy for the second edition of 'Paradise Lost'.

Andrew Marvell's Background and Relationship with Milton

Andrew Marvell was an English metaphysical poet known for his complex, witty, and satirical works. He was a staunch advocate for the rights of the individual and a strong supporter of the republican cause. Marvell worked as an assistant to John Milton when Milton was Latin Secretary to the Council of State during the English Commonwealth period.

Their friendship blossomed over time, and Marvell became an unwavering supporter of Milton's work and beliefs. During the Restoration, when Milton's political views were not in favour, Marvell used his influence to keep Milton out of harm's way.

Defending 'Paradise Lost' and Its Author

The first edition of 'Paradise Lost' was released in 1667, at a time when Milton's political and religious views were under great scrutiny. Critics attacked the poem for its supposed anti-monarchical sentiments and heretical elements. In response, Marvell composed a commendatory poem titled 'On Mr. Milton's "Paradise Lost"', which was published in the second edition of the epic in 1674.

In this poem, Marvell defends both Milton and 'Paradise Lost' against the detractors. He commends the poem for its originality, grandeur, and moral significance and emphasises the importance of artistic freedom. Throughout the eulogy, Marvell validates Milton's vision and talent, and encourages readers to appreciate the work despite its controversial elements.

Who Defended John Milton And Wrote A Eulogy For The Second Edition Of Paradise Lost? Example:

Excerpt from 'On Mr. Milton's "Paradise Lost"'

When I behold the Poets fruitfull braine,

Muses and Graces, and the God of verse

(His unresisted Scepter he doth beare)

Sit in a Cyrrcle rouunding it, they sing

Inspiriting it each his sundry way,

And sweet Philology doth at once

Unfould her Matrone Vaile, and show fresh Sparkles

Generated betwixt th' Apollos Rayes

And her fixt eye: peircing each Mystery

Of Art, and Nature, Heav'n it self, and Earth;

There is some hoord of Truth the Muses keepe,

Grown big with adoration, and no eye

But his shall see; for they without controule,

And unsuspected Tutorage him guide,

With such a sacred kindnesse as the strings

By which the moving Spheares are borne mutually

Supporting each their fellow: no sound comes forth

But what is great and perfect: thus he writes

As if a secret and profest Atheist

Durst in the Rayes of Phoebus write alike

He calls the Muses from the steepy Hill

The Muses come not now with Flutes or Lutes,

But with ungovern'd eyes.

Andrew Marvell's fervent defence of John Milton and his eulogy for 'Paradise Lost' showcases the power of friendship, the importance of protecting artistic freedom, and an unwavering belief in the significance of literature. As we remember these great poets and the bonds that united them, let their wisdom guide us in appreciating and defending the works of art that continue to enrich our lives.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who wrote a defense for John Milton and the eulogy for the second edition of Paradise Lost?

The defense for John Milton was written by Marvell, who also composed a commendatory poem that served as Milton's eulogy for the second edition of Paradise Lost.

Why was a defense needed for John Milton?

Milton needed a defense because his political writings and actions, particularly his defense of the English Commonwealth and his work under Oliver Cromwell, made him a controversial figure. After the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, his republican beliefs and his role in the Interregnum were considered seditious.

What was Marvell's relationship with Milton?

Andrew Marvell was a colleague and friend of John Milton. He worked with Milton at the Council of State during the Commonwealth period and held Milton in high literary and personal esteem.

In what form was the eulogy written?

The eulogy for the second edition of Paradise Lost was written as an accompanying commendatory poem by Andrew Marvell, praising both the poem and its author.

What are the themes of the eulogy written by Marvell?

The eulogy praises Milton's skill as a poet, the grandeur and importance of Paradise Lost, and Milton's moral and intellectual virtues. It also touches upon the timeless nature of Milton's work and the triumph of the poet's blindness over physical limitations.

How did the public receive John Milton's Paradise Lost initially?

Initially, the public received Paradise Lost with a mixture of admiration and controversy, due to both its epic nature and the political beliefs of its author. Over time, however, it has been recognized as one of the greatest works of English literature.

What significance does the second edition of Paradise Lost hold?

The second edition of Paradise Lost, published in 1674, is significant because it included the poem by Marvell, which offered a defense of Milton. This edition was also revised and divided into twelve books, rather than ten as in the first edition.

How did Andrew Marvell's defense impact Milton's reputation?

Marvell's defense had a positive impact on Milton's reputation by presenting Milton as a revered poet despite his political controversies, and it helped to enhance the reception and interpretation of Paradise Lost among its readers.

What was Marvell's view on the political change after the Restoration?

Andrew Marvell had ambivalent feelings about the Restoration. While he served as a Member of Parliament after 1660 and expressed support for King Charles II, his satirical poetry suggested a nuanced view of the monarchy's return, mingling a pragmatic acceptance with a critical outlook on certain aspects of the monarchy's governance.

Did Marvell face any consequences for defending Milton?

It is not clear if Andrew Marvell directly faced any consequences for defending Milton. Marvell himself was somewhat politically astute, managing to navigate the dangerous waters of Restoration politics, which may have shielded him from backlash for his public admiration of Milton.

Was John Milton's blindness a significant topic in Marvell's eulogy?

Yes, Marvell references Milton's blindness in his poem, framing it as an aspect of the poet's genius. He suggests that Milton's inner vision and the celestial light of his inspiration more than compensated for his physical lack of sight.

What literary techniques did Marvell use in his eulogy?

Marvell used a variety of literary techniques in his eulogy, including classical allusions, metaphysical conceits, and vivid imagery. His language celebrated Milton's blind yet visionary status, and his style mirrored the high rhetoric fitting for an epic's praise.

How did Milton's political views influence Paradise Lost?

Milton's political views subtly influenced Paradise Lost through his depiction of hierarchy, obedience, and rebellion. His experiences and beliefs likely informed his representation of characters and themes, especially his portrayal of Satan, who some have interpreted as a reflection of Milton’s views on tyranny and freedom.

Did any other contemporaries praise or defend John Milton?

Other contemporaries did praise Milton, including the poet John Dryden. However, few defended him as explicitly as Marvell because of the political risks associated with supporting a figure like Milton after the Restoration.

What were the main arguments in Marvell's defense of Milton?

Marvell's main arguments in defense of Milton included an emphasis on his unparalleled artistic talent, the spiritual and moral value of his work, and his personal virtues, such as his dedication to liberty and truth.

How did the Restoration of the monarchy affect Milton's works?

The Restoration of the monarchy led to Milton's works being overshadowed by his political reputation for a time, and he faced a real risk of persecution. His earlier revolutionary tracts had to be published anonymously or not at all, and Paradise Lost was initially met with skepticism from some quarters due to his political history.

Is there any historical evidence that Marvell's eulogy affected readers' opinions of Milton?

There is circumstantial historical evidence that Marvell's eulogy and defense positively influenced readers' opinions. The second edition of Paradise Lost saw an increasing appreciation from readers and critics, which can be partially attributed to Marvell’s commendatory poem reframing Milton’s legacy in a more favorable light.

Has Marvell's eulogy had any lasting impact on literary analyses of Paradise Lost?

Marvell's eulogy has had a lasting impact on literary analyses of Paradise Lost. It served to contextualize Milton's work within the period's poetic traditions and deepened the understanding of Milton's personal struggles and triumphs, which are reflected in his epic.

In which year was the second edition of Paradise Lost published?

The second edition of Paradise Lost was published in 1674, four years after the first edition appeared in 1667.

Are there any notable differences between the eulogy and other contemporary criticisms of Milton?

Yes, the eulogy stands out for its unequivocal praise and personal admiration for Milton. Other contemporary criticisms often held reservations due to Milton's political affiliations or diverged in their assessments of his work's literary merits.

How does understanding the historical context help in appreciating Paradise Lost?

Understanding the historical context helps in appreciating Paradise Lost by shedding light on the complex interplay between the literature and the tumultuous political climate of 17th-century England. It enriches the reader's comprehension of the themes, allegory, and nuances present in Milton's work.

Share this article with those who appreciate the power of words, the beauty of poetry, and the unbreakable bond between two literary giants. For more invaluable insights and guidance, explore other guides on Eulogy Assistant.